Multiple Thyrotropin β-Subunit and Thyrotropin Receptor-Related Genes Arose during Vertebrate Evolution

Multiple Thyrotropin β-Subunit and Thyrotropin Receptor-Related Genes Arose during Vertebrate Evolution

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is composed of a specific β subunit and an α subunit that is shared with the two pituitary gonadotropins. The three β subunits derive from a common ancestral gene through two genome duplications (1R and 2R) that took place before the radiation of vertebrates. Analysis of genomic data from phylogenetically relevant species allowed us to identify an additional Ts...

Transcriptional regulation of thyrotropin subunit genes by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and dopamine in pituitary cell culture.

Thyrotropin (TSH) is an anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormone which modulates thyroid hormone production by the thyroid gland. TSH and its two subunits, TSH beta and alpha-subunit, are in turn regulated by the thyroid hormones and several stimulatory and inhibitory factors produced by the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and dopamine have profoun...

Serum free thyrotropin subunit in congenital isolated thyrotropin deficiency.

In two patients with congenital isolated thyrotropin (TSH) deficiency, serum TSH determined by a sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) was consistently undetectable. The basal levels of serum free TSH-alpha subunit (TSH-alpha) determined by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) were elevated in the hypothyroid state, and decreased to the undectable level during displacement therapy with thyroid ...

The structure of the human thyrotropin β - subunit gene

Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor bind to a 56-kDa subunit of the thyrotropin receptor and show heterogeneous bioactivities.

Four monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor were established by fusing human peripheral lymphocytes of patients from Graves' disease with a human myeloma cell line. Of two antibodies with TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin activity (TBII), one inhibited TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase and another stimulated adenylate cyclase. These antibodies showed competitive and nonc...